https://www.beforeknox.com/material-culture daily 0.75 2021-05-28 https://www.beforeknox.com/material-culture/womens-labor-19th-century-frontier-workload-settler-life monthly 0.5 2021-05-27 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60b00d5c63dc4e2ece5cebfd/1622150502279/copper+pot+with+iron+handle.jpg Material Culture - Women's Labor in the 19th Century - The Frontier Workload and Settler Life - Make it stand out Cooper pot: A simple copper pot with an iron handle. The handle is long so someone can keep it over a fire while still being able to reach the handle and move the pot. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60b00dc97327cc31c69a8928/1622150617126/wooden+ladle.jpg Material Culture - Women's Labor in the 19th Century - The Frontier Workload and Settler Life - Make it stand out Wooden Ladle: a dark wood ladle with a curved handle and a wide but shallow bowl https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60b00e1668ec357fa1601e20/1622150687131/shoes.jpg Material Culture - Women's Labor in the 19th Century - The Frontier Workload and Settler Life - Make it stand out Shoes: Dark leather shoes with thick soles at the bottom made of either wood or cork. The leather of the shoe goes up to the ankle with holes for laces. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60b00ceedbb0116e6308bdeb/1622150415230/dutch+oven.jpg Material Culture - Women's Labor in the 19th Century - The Frontier Workload and Settler Life - Make it stand out Dutch oven: a simple iron dutch oven, used primarily for baking bread. A loop is attached to two hoops on either side of the body of the pot. The lid is the same iron color as the body and has a small handle on the top center. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60b00e2a48084f40bf44b1a9/1622150712937/earthware-Jug.png Material Culture - Women's Labor in the 19th Century - The Frontier Workload and Settler Life - Make it stand out Earthware jug: a ceramic jug with a tan coloring. The body is large, but shrinks to a small bottle-opening at the top. A curved handle is attached at the top. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60b00d39542430088ca3e2c5/1622150473771/flax+spinning+wheel.png Material Culture - Women's Labor in the 19th Century - The Frontier Workload and Settler Life - Make it stand out Flax spinning wheel: A black and white image of a simple flax spinning wheel. A large wheel with spokes (wooden poles at the center of the wheel) attaching it to the body of the spinning wheel. A small rope of some kind connects the wheel to a mechanism that spins the bobbin as the flax is pulled through the user’s fingers and shrunk down to thread. The whole thing is powered by a foot pedal. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60b00dee8499f46cfacbbd0b/1622150660760/ladle.jpg Material Culture - Women's Labor in the 19th Century - The Frontier Workload and Settler Life - Make it stand out Ladle: a ladle made of an unknown metal with a shallow bowl https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60b00d73da4f416a57777b20/1622150527096/hinged+box.jpg Material Culture - Women's Labor in the 19th Century - The Frontier Workload and Settler Life - Make it stand out Hinged box: a simple, undecorated hinged wooden box that can be latched closed https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60b00d8448084f40bf44aa2a/1622150545801/big+ol+chest+of+drawers.jpg Material Culture - Women's Labor in the 19th Century - The Frontier Workload and Settler Life - Make it stand out Large chest of drawers: a large dark wood chest. There are four drawers. 3 are larger and 1 (at the top) is smaller. Each drawer has a lock mechanism at the center. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60b00d1663dc4e2ece5cd7da/1622150437596/copper+kettle.jpg Material Culture - Women's Labor in the 19th Century - The Frontier Workload and Settler Life - Make it stand out Copper kettle: A simple, metal kettle made of dark, black copper. There are two hoops on the rim so it can be hung over a fireplace/open flame. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60b00db047d4d262c92fd15b/1622150594537/washboard.jpg Material Culture - Women's Labor in the 19th Century - The Frontier Workload and Settler Life - Make it stand out Washboard: A long, thin washboard attached to a small wooden peg as a handle at the bottom. The washboard has faded with age to a tan/grey color. https://www.beforeknox.com/material-culture/material-culture-and-the-fur-trade monthly 0.5 2021-05-31 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60b54e5f4bacab46d0808abc/1622494829558/media-1.jpg Material Culture - Material Culture and the Fur Trade - Make it stand out “Our Bark Canoe” https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60b54e41a250087c5b1cf505/1622494805964/media.jpg Material Culture - Material Culture and the Fur Trade - Make it stand out Trade Silver Earbobs https://www.beforeknox.com/material-culture/cotton-gin monthly 0.5 2021-05-27 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60b011094d65064e2ae4d4fb/1622151477941/Screen+Shot+2021-05-25+at+8.25.38+AM.png Material Culture - The Cotton Gin - Impacting All of America - Make it stand out Eli Whitney Cotton Gin Contract, 1807 https://www.beforeknox.com/material-culture/water-the-ultimate-highway monthly 0.5 2021-05-27 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60afff5c7336031e2fb8e372/1622146929472/Lydia1.png Material Culture - Water, The Ultimate Highway - Make it stand out Henry Lewis’s 1826 painting of Quincy, Illinois https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60afff826503d82d704059a0/1622146965257/Lydia2.png Material Culture - Water, The Ultimate Highway - Make it stand out Nauvoo, Illinois by Henry Lewis https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60afffb03a895413f673f31c/1622147011059/Lydia3.png Material Culture - Water, The Ultimate Highway - Make it stand out Burlington, Iowa by Henry Lewis https://www.beforeknox.com/material-culture/the-architecture-of-log-city monthly 0.5 2021-05-27 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60b00f7aa9e4a74d10a1fe4a/1622151098973/Log+City+Sketch+%28left%29.jpg Material Culture - The Architecture of Log City - Make it stand out A sketch of log city done by Samuel Holyoke. The left side includes buildings 1-10 and 17 (described as a barn that sits surrounded by farmed fields), with two spots marked for log barns surrounded by several other log dwellings or adjacent to farmland. A road is marked between cabins 4, 5, 6, and 7 with the writing “Road to Kendalls Mill” on it. The majority bottom right corner is taken up by what is described as farmland with the writing “Bolony Farm - See descriptions of the numbers in the writing with this sketch - This farm of 80 acres was all tilled by the colonists in gardens field crops in 1837”. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60b00f91f0f2c3558c722bde/1622151116609/Log+City+Sketch+%28right%29.jpg Material Culture - The Architecture of Log City - Make it stand out A sketch of log city done by Samuel Holyoke. The right side includes buildings 11-16 and 18 (described as a barn that sits surrounded by farmed fields). The bottom of the image is taken up by what is described as farmland, separated from the log dwellings with a fence. Holyoke writes on the image on the bottom write “This fence had to be crooked so as to leave room between it and the ravine for the wagon road”. Cabin 16, in the top right, has a dark ring around it that goes off the page marked “ravine.” https://www.beforeknox.com/material-culture/george-catlin-and-the-white-gaze monthly 0.5 2021-09-28 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60b1584deeee3812d0282842/1632856348050/SAAM-1985.66.251_1.jpg Material Culture - George Catlin and the White Gaze - Make it stand out Pah-mee-ców-ee-tah, Man Who Tracks, a Chief https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60b1576aeec2796cb8d785fe/1632856348037/SAAM-1985.66.2_1.jpg Material Culture - George Catlin and the White Gaze - Make it stand out Múk-a-tah-mish-o-káh-kaik, Black Hawk, Prominent Sac Chief https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60b157ff74053f38dc5954d8/1632856348042/SAAM-1985.66.245_1.jpg Material Culture - George Catlin and the White Gaze - Make it stand out Shee-náh-wee https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60b1578a797a92615dfd398f/1632856348046/SAAM-1985.66.238_1.jpg Material Culture - George Catlin and the White Gaze - Make it stand out Na-pów-sa, Bear Traveling at Night, a Chief https://www.beforeknox.com/native-nations daily 0.75 2021-05-28 https://www.beforeknox.com/native-nations/kickapoo-nation monthly 0.5 2021-05-31 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60b551d95983a735b96323ab/1622495799873/Ratified+Indian+Treaty+108-+Kickapoo+of+the+Vermilion+-+Fort+Harrison%2C+Indiana%2C+August+30%2C+1819.jpg Native Nations - The Kickapoo Nation - Make it stand out Ratified Indian Treaty 108- Kickapoo of the Vermilion - Fort Harrison, Indiana, August 30, 1819 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60b5516931a2b10519c34708/1622495613065/1822+illinois+map.jpg Native Nations - The Kickapoo Nation - Make it stand out 1822 Illinois Map https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60b552556c8d21647f957a7d/1622495862394/Illinois+land+sale.jpg Native Nations - The Kickapoo Nation - Make it stand out Illinois Central Railroad Company, Farm Lands for Sale https://www.beforeknox.com/native-nations/sauk-meskwaki-nations monthly 0.5 2021-05-27 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60aeb97d07552b583f1947b2/1622139441479/Kee-o-k%C3%BAk%2C+The+Watchful+Fox%2C+Chief+of+the+Tribe Native Nations - Sauk and Meskwaki Nations - Make it stand out Kee-o-kúk, The Watchful Fox, Chief of the Tribe https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60aeb8fbbcfe57306e591f26/1622139441473/Ma-ka-tai-me-she-kia-kiah+%5Bi.e.+Ma-ka-tai-me-she-kia-kiak%5D%2C+or+Black+Hawk%2C+a+Saukie+brave Native Nations - Sauk and Meskwaki Nations - Make it stand out Ma-ka-tai-me-she-kia-kiah [i.e. Ma-ka-tai-me-she-kia-kiak], or Black Hawk, a Saukie brave https://www.beforeknox.com/native-nations/the-dakota-nation monthly 0.5 2021-05-27 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60aeb4a130e7987c42c3761d/1622062265092/10295545.640x640.jpg Native Nations - The Dakota Nation - Make it stand out Mendota from Fort Snelling https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60aeb67e1f4b1b13d42b5ff4/1622062743526/default.jpg Native Nations - The Dakota Nation - Make it stand out Hunting Buffalo in the Winter https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60aeb5144e03421e4d73a52f/1622062398077/36169.jpg Native Nations - The Dakota Nation - Make it stand out Gathering Wild Rice https://www.beforeknox.com/native-nations/myaamia-nation monthly 0.5 2021-05-26 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60aea12ea1abfd76400e4c2a/1622057290814/Myaamia+Blog+Post+Photo.jpg Native Nations - The Myaamia Nation - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.beforeknox.com/native-nations/the-peoria-nation monthly 0.5 2021-05-27 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60aebd638cd3831271d1c526/1622064499218/SAAM-1985.66.251_1.jpg Native Nations - The Peoria Nation - Make it stand out Pah-mee-ców-ee-tah, Man Who Tracks, a Chief https://www.beforeknox.com/native-nations/potawatomi-removal-from-illinois monthly 0.5 2021-05-27 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60affb8058692051a427bc57/1622145946379/K-11+WEB+SIZE.jpg Native Nations - Potawatomi Removal from Illinois - Make it stand out George Winter's sketch of three Potawatomi riding horses at the Indian agency in Logansport, Indiana. Winter arrived at Logansport in 1837 and spent a year studying and artistically depicting the Potawatomi who lived there, just before their forced removal west in 1838. His sketches are noted for being incredibly detailed and accurate accounts of Potawatomi culture. https://www.beforeknox.com/native-nations/the-peoria-now monthly 0.5 2021-05-27 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60b00abca93d940f7cbd3e48/1622149847691/default-1.jpg Native Nations - The Peoria Now - Make it stand out 1885 map of Oklahoma https://www.beforeknox.com/native-nations/potawatom-nation monthly 0.5 2021-05-28 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60affc02cd164731f67370df/1622146066115/ash+kum.jpg Native Nations - The Potawatomi Nation - Make it stand out George Winter's watercolor sketch of prominent Potawatomi leader Ash-Kum. His clothing, a combination of traditional Potawatomi and French-inspired dress, indicates the reciprocal relationships the Potawatomi often developed with settlers. https://www.beforeknox.com/the-united-states-context daily 0.75 2021-05-31 https://www.beforeknox.com/the-united-states-context/the-second-great-awakening monthly 0.5 2021-05-27 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60ae869fad2d9c3eab8f45c4/1622050490176/methodist+camp+meeting.jpg The United States Context - The Second Great Awakening - Make it stand out An engraving of a Methodist camp meeting in 1819 https://www.beforeknox.com/the-united-states-context/jefferson-jacksonian-eras monthly 0.5 2021-05-27 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60ae9a35adf27f49f2c3f588/1622055668036/NPG-NPG_2001_92.jpg The United States Context - The Jefferson and Jacksonian Eras - Make it stand out Tenskwatawa "The Prophet" https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60ae9b429387a10ec7111c0a/1622055967650/uc2.ark__13960_t8w95365d-seq_9.jpg The United States Context - The Jefferson and Jacksonian Eras - Make it stand out First Seminole War https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60ae8ee60fbfcd54e9668e3c/1622052809712/TreatyofGhent.png The United States Context - The Jefferson and Jacksonian Eras - Make it stand out Treaty of Ghent https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60ae9b6f049b6c6fc9e27c0c/1622055929984/tecumseh.jpg The United States Context - The Jefferson and Jacksonian Eras - Make it stand out Tecumseh https://www.beforeknox.com/the-united-states-context/the-black-hawk-war-and-treaties monthly 0.5 2021-05-31 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60b5506b4d872516fe2d7ce5/1622495368099/Screen+Shot+2021-05-28+at+4.02.43+PM.png The United States Context - The Black Hawk War and Treaties - Make it stand out The Battle of Bad Axe https://www.beforeknox.com/the-founders daily 0.75 2021-05-27 https://www.beforeknox.com/the-founders/the-founders-on-race monthly 0.5 2021-05-27 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60ae7198c18bfc75c4393fa5/1622045249505/default.jpg The Founders - The Founders on Race - Make it stand out A notice announcing that Barnabas Root has graduated from Knox College. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60ae6ec987f3164dfe27f00c/1622045249328/history_root.jpg The Founders - The Founders on Race - Make it stand out Barnabas Root https://www.beforeknox.com/the-founders/the-founders-and-religion monthly 0.5 2021-05-27 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60ae7e2be3a1bb717fda60a8/1622048305060/PublicBuilding.jpeg The Founders - The Founders and Religion - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60ae7e1b43ddbd3519989f75/1622048292127/FirstPresChurch.png The Founders - The Founders and Religion - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.beforeknox.com/the-founders/the-oneida-institute-galesburg-underground-railroad monthly 0.5 2021-05-27 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60ae77573666f72a69a8a369/1622046560238/245736D5-B59B-4C19-8D37-E2C262551ACB_1_105_c.jpeg The Founders - The Oneida Institute and The Galesburg Underground Railroad - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60ae7590e7d8df668b58644b/1622046117474/nypl.digitalcollections.510d47dd-f68e-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99.001.w.jpg The Founders - The Oneida Institute and The Galesburg Underground Railroad - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.beforeknox.com/the-founders/the-founders-reach-galesburg monthly 0.5 2021-05-27 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609c00a053fac0003a814b08/t/60affdfd8be74373da992044/1622146605934/Log+City.jpg The Founders - The Founders Reach Galesburg - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.beforeknox.com/timeline daily 0.75 2021-05-31 https://www.beforeknox.com/home daily 1.0 2021-06-02 https://www.beforeknox.com/privacy-policy daily 0.75 2021-06-01 https://www.beforeknox.com/acknowledgments daily 0.75 2021-05-28 https://www.beforeknox.com/about daily 0.75 2021-05-28 https://www.beforeknox.com/contact daily 0.75 2021-05-28 https://www.beforeknox.com/bibliography daily 0.75 2021-05-28